The American Journal of Management (AJM) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing scholarly empirical and theoretical research articles focusing on improving business and management theory, practice and behavior. AJM encourages research that impacts the general business and management fields as a whole and introduces new ideas or new perspectives on existing research. Accepted manuscripts will focus of bridging the gap between academic theory and practice as it applies to improving the broad spectrum of the business discipline. Manuscripts that are suitable for publication in AJM cover domains such as business strategy and policy, entrepreneurship, human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational theory, and research methods. These domains are not inclusive as any traditional aspect of business is appropriate. The average acceptance rate for the American Journal of Management is less than 20 percent.
Impact of ERP Integration on Management Control Practices in a Moroccan Construction Company: An Action Research Approach
This article examines the impact of ERP on management control practices within SBST, focusing on five key aspects: project cost and margin assessment, automation and improved reporting, development of tailored dashboards, and optimization of budget monitoring and financial risk control. Before the ERP implementation, these practices were characterized by fragmented management, manual data collection, and a lack of real-time visibility into project performance. The methodology adopted is based on an action research approach, in which the author, as an actor-researcher, actively participated in implementing the ERP and evaluating its effects. The results of this study show that integrating an ERP improved cost traceability, reduced reporting times, increased reliability of budget forecasts, improved the quality of analyses and more responsive decision-making, thus strengthening the role of management control in the strategic management of projects. Finally, this research opens up perspectives on the long-term impact of digitalizing management processes, particularly regarding resource optimization and financial risk management.
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The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Migration of Managers From Public to Private
The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how present and former public corporations managers describe organizational culture's influence on their intent to remain or leave public corporations in Nigeria as well as job satisfaction and current organizational culture. The researcher further explained the role of organizational cultural dimensions concerning retention rates, as perceived by former and current managers. Handy’s model of organizational culture was selected as the optimal theoretical foundation for this research. The primary research questions for the present study is: how do present and former managers of public corporations describe the organizational culture influence on intent to remain for public organization employees in Nigeria? The researcher used a qualitative descriptive study as it would aid in answering salient questions via semi structured interviews and focus group discussions to discover how present and former managers of public corporations describe the organizational culture influence on intent to remain for public organization employees in Nigeria. The sample included a total of 25, 10 for the interviews and 15 focus group participants. Thematic analysis was used to assess the transcripts, and four primary themes emerged: impact of culture, qualities of culture, employee qualities, and organizational values. Theoretical implications include that organizational culture in this context has an expanded influence on manager retention, and practical implications reveal the importance of establishing a solid organizational culture.
ChatGPT Reliance of Students: Teachers’ Challenges Towards ChatGPT Usage of Students for Schoolwork in an Online Learning Environment
This qualitative study anchored on Transactional Distance Theory (1997) explored the challenges of eight California high school teachers on their students' ChatGPT reliance for schoolwork. The study findings revealed from the thematic analysis that teachers' challenges included inaccuracies in detecting ChatGPT usage and the negative impact on students' learning. The study also highlighted the driving factors influencing the teachers' challenges, such as inappropriate use of ChatGPT, plagiarism, and the carefree attitude of students toward their learning. Future studies may explore the different interventions for detection, assessment tools, and teachers' adaptation strategies in a regime of ChatGPT as a learning tool.
The OPTIMICE Project: Optimising Translation Quality of Metadata in the Editorial Chain of Academic Journals
The OPTIMICE project has developed a method that combines neural machine translation and human post-editing to enhance the quality of article metadata when translating from French to English as part of the journal editorial process. In partnership with the LIDILE research unit, the PUR (a French publisher) and the MSHB (French Centre for Human Sciences), we comparatively assessed the quality of human and machine translations of the metadata of 32 articles using our proprietary quality assessment grid and professional translators. The aim was to precisely determine the qualitative elements and limitations of each output, and to design the most appropriate translation method. We then formulated recommendations for writing and translating metadata to complement guidelines for authors, and improve the acceptance, referencing and international visibility of papers in journals. The method was finally tested on 2021 issues of the 4 selected journals, focusing on history, archaeology, education and geography respectively. The objective is to develop a methodology that can be reproduced and transferred to other journals, languages and disciplinary fields.
A Simulation Study of the Utilization of a Flexible Appointment Scheduling System
Many services offer reservations for appointments. Often, the available appointment slots are preset, of equal length, and sequentially arranged throughout the workday. Customers choose among those slots for the most convenient time slot. Instead, if they can be offered a slot precisely to their convenience (if available), it may lead to gaps in the workday that cannot be filled, thus reducing the utilization of the service provider. Here, we estimate the amount of under-utilization introduced in such a flexible appointment system using simulation, assuming uniformly distributed demands. This is useful in balancing the service provider's utilization and the customer's waiting time.
Optimizing Large Language Models for Resource-Constrained Environments: A Parameter-Efficient Approach Using QLoRA and Prompt Tuning
As the deployment of AI solutions continues to grow, particularly in resource-constrained environments, the need for efficient and cost-effective methods becomes increasingly critical. Large Language Models (LLMs) present significant computational challenges that often make their deployment impractical for many real-world applications. This study evaluates parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, specifically QLoRA and Prompt Tuning, in combination with DistilBERT, to address these challenges. Our combined approach achieved a 36.2% reduction in memory usage and a 50% reduction in inference costs while maintaining 87.75% accuracy compared to baseline models. The results demonstrate that stacking these techniques can provide multiplicative benefits in resource reduction without significant performance degradation, offering practical solutions for resource-constrained deployments.
Durability of the B Corp Certification: Implications for Research and Practice
This study analyzes the characteristics of 7,598 companies that achieved B Corp certification from the certification’s inception in 2007 through 2022, including 1,849 that later decertified. Results show increasing international adoption, particularly among smaller firms and service-sector companies, alongside a decline in decertification. Younger firms are more likely to decertify, though most remain in business. Despite lacking regulatory backing, B Corp is overcoming early adoption barriers and gaining legitimacy, suggesting it is on a trajectory similar to established certifications, such as LEED. These findings offer critical insight into the evolution and durability of values-driven certifications in today’s global business environment.
African Immigrants’ Perceptions of Employee Performance and Organizational Cultural Barriers in Fortune 500 Companies
The underemployment of African immigrants and lower job earnings continue to be a problem in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore perceptions of African immigrants regarding their performance and cultural barriers within Fortune 500 companies in Houston, Texas. Research questions explored how African immigrants navigated and adapted to cultural expectations, and how these adaptations influenced their perceptions of job satisfaction and performance. The study was grounded using rational choice theory. Seidman's exploratory case study method was used to analyze the interviews from 12 African immigrants working in Houston. The themes are: 1) cultural misunderstanding, 2) promotion and advancement, 3) workplace inclusion, 4) communication barriers, 5) organizational support, and 6) networking/professional growth. Findings indicated that the organizational culture was significant for African immigrant employees to influence changes in global organizational policies, procedures, and practices. The implications for positive social change include the potential for leaders to improve leadership selection, development, and cultural training to enhance African immigrant employees' job satisfaction and performance in the US.
Recent Anti LGBTQ+ Laws: Managers Should Adapt Policies
Recent law has placed management in a conundrum concerning LGBTQ+ employee civil rights. Established law has protected those employees from discrimination. Many employers have led the way to that end. Yet certain federal and state legal efforts now seek to roll back rights, expose liability, and loss to employers that continued to protect them. Management can honor both its obligations to employees and to the firm, by carefully redesigning policies and practices to avoid triggering concerns while still protecting the civil rights of all employees that the law has established.
Exploring Utilitarian Product Reviews: How Do Emotional, Social and Cognitive Dimensions Differ in Positive and Negative Reviews?
Online reviews are a vital source of information for both consumers and businesses. For business, reviews are not simply positive or negative, but are sources of information that reveal how consumers think, feel, and respond to products/services. As such, it makes sense to look toward underlying linguistic and psychological patterns. Prior research indicates that positive and negative reviews may vary in terms of cognitive, social, and emotional. However, the impact of these factors depends on context. Factors such as product category, the platform on which the review was posted, and the cultural background of the reviewers can influence the impact of varying processes on reviews. As such, in the current study, we explore how positive and negative reviews of earphone reviews differ in terms of their emotional, social and cognitive processes. Given that earphones are a multifaceted product, they shed light on varying processes present in the reviews.
Statement of Financial Position: A Hybrid Recognition Model
This discussion explores the hybrid combination of fair value and historical accounting measures used to present an entity’s statement of financial position, including assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. Generally accepted accounting principles establish and guide valuation determinations that explain the valuation differences. The history of fair value guidance and recognition provides a foundation for presenting the advantages and disadvantages of financial measurement methods. Financial reporting valuation has evolved over time and is a copulation of both fair and historical value methodologies to determine the reported value. Future research is suggested to evaluate and resolve the outstanding reporting differences, concerns and issues.
Offshoring in the Age of AI: A Theoretical Investigation
Organizations operating in the AI space present themselves as key drivers of innovation, transforming industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. However, a significant and often underappreciated factor behind their rapid growth is the strategic use of offshored labor. This practice allows companies to access cost-effective talent pools, increase efficiency, and scale operations. As organizations continue to “offshore” many of their operations across national boundaries, they also reconfigure their relationship with their workforce. In this paper, we examine the impact of offshoring on the employer-employee contract, primarily through the lens of the exit-voice argument proposed by the economist Alfred Hirschman in 1970. Our contention is that offshoring reconfigures the employer-employee relationship, replacing earlier psychological contracts with an increasingly transactional character. We also present a framework of new HR imperatives that confront organizations and employees in the post-offshoring age, and discuss the ethical challenges facing organizational theorists, who must represent this tricky debate fairly in their research and the classroom without taking recourse to ideological formulations which conflate corporate welfare and social welfare.
The Rationality of Cooperation and Prevention in Contract Management: Reducing Conflicts in Heavy Construction and Electromechanical Assembly in Brazil Through the Application of the Causal Mark Theory
This article argues that preventive contract management minimizes conflicts in heavy construction and improves project efficiency. Based on data from 324 heavy construction and electromechanical assembly contracts, including projects in the Mining Sector, the data demonstrate that projects with Contract Management have significantly lower damage/conflict rates. Inspired by prior research on the "Use of the Arrow of Time and Criteria for Transmission of Cause Marks in Conflict Management," presented at the 37th Annual IACM Conference, this study applies the "Cause Marks" theory to mathematically show how clear records prevent ambiguities and reduce financial and temporal impacts. Additionally, we support the thesis that cooperative and preventive attitudes are the most rational and beneficial in any administrative or business environment.
Examining the Intersection of Gender and Race in Employee Engagement
This study examines differences in employee engagement based on the intersection of gender and race. Survey data from over 5,000 employees are analyzed to compare engagement levels and predictors of engagement for White males, White females, males of color, and females of color. Results indicate that males report significantly higher average engagement than females overall, and this gender gap is more pronounced for employees of color. Regression analyses find common engagement predictors across groups, such as feeling one knows what is expected on the job. However, the strength and significance of various engagement drivers differ based on gender and race. For example, having a best friend at work strongly predicts engagement for White females but not for females of color. Adjusted R-squared values from the regression models also show variation in how well the models predict engagement across gender and racial groups. These findings suggest employee engagement is influenced by one's positioning at the intersection of socially constructed categories like gender and race. Researchers and practitioners should approach engagement with an intersectional lens that considers how race and gender combine to shape individuals' experiences in the workplace.
Implication of Legal and Institutional Arrangement for Disaster Management and Emergency Response in Tanzania
This study aims at supporting the recent improvement made by the government in reforming the disaster management and emergency response institutional and legal frameworks with the objective of ensuring that institutions that are involved in dealing with disasters and emergencies, both public and private, are aware of their roles and responsibilities in those events. The study used institutional, complexity, and network theories to elaborate on how institutional arrangement and interactions can enhance disaster management and emergency response goals. By adopting an in-depth research design, the study integrated both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to comprehensively address the research objectives and questions. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and structured interviews, while secondary data were collected from critical analysis of various documents, records, and expert consultations. The study found that while there is some acknowledgment of the influence of institutional frameworks, the overall perception is that their impact might be limited or not as substantial as desired due to factors like ineffective implementation, lack of integration among frameworks, or insufficient support for collaborative initiatives. Addressing the issues that contribute to this variability could improve the role of institutional frameworks in promoting collaboration and enhance the overall effectiveness of disaster management strategies. To improve disaster management and emergency response effectiveness, it is critical to strengthen institutional frameworks by increasing their influence on collaborative strategies, improving coordination among agencies, clarifying roles in policy development, and ensuring that they effectively support collaborative efforts. Also, the use of ICT was found to be significant in integrating policies and strategies among the responding institutions and for timely and accurate responses. The study recommended that integrated disaster risk management can enhance emergency response operations and strengthen the institutional collaboration among responders and responsible institutions for disaster management.
This paper is a literature study on informal work. It is based upon the fact that informal work is prevalent in most parts of the world, especially in the Global South, where more than 80% of humanity lives. The paper first looks at work relations in the past and present in the Global North with special attention to the existence of a dual system where workers rights are less guaranteed for certain groups such as migrant workers or racial minorities, as well as the Global South, where workers rights have never been fully respected. The paper then turns to the rationale for informal work, grounded in four theories; the neo-liberal/dual economy school, the Neo-marxian/ structuralist school, the legalist/institutional school and the voluntarist school. These theories also provide some insight into the business rationale for informal work, which seems very strong. The final chapter takes a look into the future and provides six reasons why the future of work will likely be more and more informal. It also makes suggestions for a new paradigm based upon recognition of the realities of worker rights in the Global South and how people cope with that. This may form the basis for more effective ways to promote workers rights.
An Exploratory Analysis of B-Corp Decertification Patterns
More than 4,000 firms worldwide have demonstrated a commitment to corporate social responsibility through B Corp certification, yet the drivers of B Corp decertification remain poorly understood. This study uses the B Corp Impact Data dataset and applies a two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression model to examine whether decertification stems from voluntary firm choice or failure to meet B Lab’s 80-point certification threshold. Findings show that firms with three or more successful certifications are more likely to decertify voluntarily, while those with fewer certifications may lack the knowledge or capacity to maintain certification. Results also indicate that firms with balanced performance across the five B Impact Assessment (BIA) categories—community, customers, environment, governance, and workers—are more likely to sustain certification. Firm size and score variability further influence outcomes. These findings highlight the value of supporting firms through at least three certification cycles and offer practical implications for B Lab. This research provides a reliable foundation for future studies investigating voluntary versus involuntary decertification within the global B Corp community.
The Returning Syrian Diaspora: A Cultural Assessment and Implications for Entrepreneurship
This paper assesses the cultural values of Syrian people anticipating a return to their homeland following a 14-year civil war and international sanctions that have decimated its economy. The paper provides insight into a displaced refugee population spread across many countries that reaches into the millions. The anticipated return of these Syrians follows a lightening offensive by opposition forces that ousted Syria’s leader, Bashar al-Assad, on December 8, 2024. The analysis also provides implications for entrepreneurship that could help rebuild the war-torn country and restart its crippled economy. The cultural assessment was conducted using the 5-D Hofstede model of cultural values. It compared the cultural orientations of the Syrian diaspora with Iraq, Jordan and Turkey – countries into which the displaced people settled over the last decade – and with the USA. This paper also contrasts the cultural orientations of the victims of the Syrian diaspora hoping to return to their homeland with the data on Syria originally obtained by Hofstede in 1980. The results suggest that the returning displaced Syrians have some of the cultural values important for country-changing entrepreneurship.
The Importance of Incorporating Risk Management and Assessing for Perilous Traits During Job Recruitment Interviews, Performance Appraisals, and Post-Critical Incidents
Workplace safety is threatened by professionals exhibiting dangerous traits, an under-researched area demanding attention. This study introduces a novel questionnaire to identify "red flags" during recruitment, performance reviews, and post-incident debriefings. The questionnaire assesses risk mitigation awareness and targets traits such as compulsive lying, apathy, glibness, lack of remorse, and manipulative tendencies. Scenarios are included to enhance recognition of emotional and behavioral patterns, including those indicative of workplace psychopathy, like thriving on chaos and unethical decision-making. The questionnaire covers a range of categories, including impulsivity, anger, and antisocial behaviors. The goal is to integrate this tool into Occupational Resources Department procedures, including Employment Assistance Programs (EAPs). This will help address related issues like trauma and burnout. Further research on Dark Triad personality traits is crucial for improving recruitment, performance appraisal, and post-event evaluations. The aim is to create safer, more productive workplaces by proactively addressing these often-overlooked risks. This approach contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of workplace risks and provides a practical tool for risk management.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Tool for Sustainability in Entrepreneurship
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly gaining attention as an essential component of business. In the current environment, entrepreneurs may be searching for strategies to maintain a competitive advantage. CSR-based initiatives may help businesses differentiate themselves from others in the market, attracting customers that align with their values. This paper includes a review of the CSR concept and the role that CSR can play in increasing competitiveness in entrepreneurship. The literature revealed that businesses that engage in CSR based activities see increased customer loyalty, trust, and profit. Therefore, engaging in CSR behaviors may enhance sustainability and growth for entrepreneurial ventures.
Land Security and Land Administration: Lessons Learned from Projects Management
A presentation of five land administration programs since the 1990s highlights the success and failure factors encountered. Each program is accompanied by references available on the web. The projects aim to link two components: a systematic inventory of land occupancy, i.e. a technical and social aspect, and the registration of related rights, i.e. a legal aspect. Official reports do not clearly mention the factors that have contributed to the results, which are classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Quality assurance systems are often weak or non-existent, leading to delays or blockages. Sometimes these deficiencies result from project management or local governance, without the donor’s involvement. The absence of appropriate governance can also be felt in properly selecting companies awarded tenders, good coordination of local components such as the Cadaster and Land Register or sometimes cost monitoring.
Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors: Employee Insights
Work-life balance is becoming increasingly difficult as technology enables individuals to work anytime and anyplace. Family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSBs) can help address this challenge through instrumental support, emotional support, role modeling, and creative management practices. The outcomes of such behaviors include greater work-life balance, positive work-family spillover, increased organizational citizenship behaviors, improved employee well-being, and better family relationships. Although scales have been developed to measure these dimensions, the results may be influenced by subjective factors on the part of employees. These scales are also limited to numerical results, thus not providing insights into employees’ lived experiences. This qualitative study analyzes interview data focused on FSSBs to increase understanding of employees’ lived experiences. Findings indicate that fostering work-life balance and enhancing employee well-being depends on managerial practices that create a supportive and empowering workplace culture. In contrast, adaptability to employees’ evolving needs is crucial for long-term success.
Reconstructing Europe After WWII: Logistical Dimensions of the Marshall Plan (April 1948‒December 1951)
The Marshall Plan, launched after WWII, was a North American economic aid program that had a major impact on contemporary history. It revitalized Europe’s infrastructure and industries and encouraged cooperation between nations, laying the foundations for the future European Union. The aim was not only to support economic recovery but also to stem the spread of communism against the backdrop of the Cold War by politically and economically stabilizing the countries of Western Europe. One often-overlooked aspect of the Marshall Plan’s success lies in its logistical dimensions. Faced with destroyed transport infrastructure and damaged ports, the United States introduced modern supply chain management methods into Western Europe to efficiently coordinate the delivery of goods, particularly foodstuffs. While the legacy of the Marshall Plan influences current approaches to operations management, it remains little discussed about its geopolitical dimensions. This paper suggests that studying the logistics dimensions of the Marshall Plan could enrich our understanding of supply chain dynamics.
Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction of Last-Mile Delivery Logistics
The study aims to determine the factors affecting customer satisfaction in last-mile delivery logistics, focusing on Delivery Riders’ Sense of Direction, Timeliness, Politeness, and Parcel Condition. It also covers satisfaction levels across select profiles. A descriptive research design was employed, using a researcher-made online questionnaire. A total of 385 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Findings revealed that participants were satisfied with all four factors. Delivery Riders’ Sense of Direction received the highest satisfaction rating, followed by Parcel Condition and Politeness, while Timeliness ranked lowest. Based on the results, the study concludes that these factors significantly influence overall customer satisfaction with last-mile delivery. The researchers recommend programs targeting the four key factors to enhance service quality. These initiatives aim to improve customer experience and satisfaction, helping delivery providers build a stronger competitive edge in the rapidly evolving last-mile delivery sector.
Correlation Analysis of Dividend Policies and Stock Prices of Philippine Financial Firms
This study examines the correlation between dividend policies and stock prices of selected financial sector companies in the Philippines. The primary beneficiaries are current and potential stock investors in the Philippine stock market, providing insights for better investment decisions. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, relying solely on secondary data from reliable sources such as PSE Edge, Bloomberg, First Metro Securities, and COL Financial, rather than survey questionnaires or other instruments. Using purposive sampling, the study analyzed publicly listed financial sector companies in the Philippines. To ensure accuracy, credibility, and consistency, pre-existing data from various authors and organizations were used. Statistical tools were applied to examine relationships between dividend yield, dividend coverage ratio, and retention ratio with stock prices, revealing no significant correlation. Additionally, variations in company profile characteristics did not significantly impact dividend policies. However, findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between dividend payout ratio and stock price, as well as differences in payout ratio when grouped by earnings level. All data were handled responsibly throughout the research process.
Greening the Sugar Industry: Practices, Insights & Environmental Framework From the Sugarbowl of the Philippines
This study examines the environmental management practices of sugar mills in the Philippines, assessing current strategies in pollution control, waste management, and energy efficiency. Through surveys and focus group discussion, the research explores how selected mills implement green practices and adopt cleaner technologies. Results show varying levels of environmental commitment, with some mills demonstrating innovation in waste management and resource conservation. The study identifies challenges in policy support and technological access, offering a framework to enhance sustainability across the industry. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to green the sugar industry and promote ecological modernization in agro-industrial sectors.
From Ghost Games to the Return of the Crowd: Effects of Increased Fan Attendance During and Following COVID-19 on Home Advantage in the German Soccer Bundesliga
While prior studies have analyzed the effects of COVID-19-induced ghost games on home advantage in Germany’s Soccer Bundesliga, none have examined the 2021/22 season—the period immediately following spectator-free matches. This study addresses that gap by analyzing the impact of fan return on home advantage. Using a dataset of all Bundesliga matches from 2017/18 to 2021/22 (N = 1,530), we performed regression analyses incorporating a categorical variable to represent different phases of attendance restrictions. In the 2021/22 season, after a brief phase of stricter capacity limits, we find evidence of a significantly greater home advantage compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, this elevated effect diminishes over time despite rising spectator numbers. The findings highlight the psychological impact of fans on home team players as the primary mechanism driving home advantage. This suggests that fan presence influences mental rather than physical performance. Accordingly, clubs should prioritize players’ physical and mental well-being, even outside extraordinary contexts such as the pandemic.
Cultural Indicators of Bureaucracy: A Cross-National Comparison of Bank Managers and Small Business Owner-Managers
This study examines the cultural underpinnings of bureaucracy by comparing the values and beliefs of bank managers with those of small business owner-managers across two culturally diverse countries: the United States and Ukraine. Survey data were collected from 168 bank managers and 163 small business owner-managers using structured questionnaires, which assessed seven cultural constructs based on Hofstede’s value-based cultural dimensions and Leung et al.’s belief-based social axioms. The findings reveal consistent cross-national differences, with bank managers exhibiting higher Power Distance, lower Social Flexibility, and lower Spirituality. These patterns may reflect characteristic features of professional banking culture and bureaucracy more broadly.
Case Study-Based Experiences and Advice on the Use of Autoethnographic Research Method in Organizational Research
This article presents findings from a longitudinal autoethnographic case study (2016–2024) on the evolution of knowledge management within a large Finnish state-owned research and development institution. Offering a cultural perspective, the main researcher—an internal member of the organization— reflects on personal experiences while engaging in autoethnographic research. The article emphasizes lessons learned from conducting this type of research and proposes recommendations for producing high-quality autoethnographic work. It also briefly outlines the study’s theoretical framework, relevant literature, and key empirical insights. Through thematic narrative analysis, the study uncovered nine distinct patterns that shaped the organization’s knowledge management history. These patterns emerged through the fusion of empirical findings, theoretical knowledge, and intuitive application of a knowledge management framework. This framework evolved into a narrative model informed by four key perspectives: people, processes, technology, and the ‘I’ - the researcher's subjective lens.
Exploring Collaborative Advantage: A Comprehensive Review and Synthesis of Research on Collaboration
The paper aimed to identify three influential factors that will impact collaborative performance. The first conceptualization of collaboration is discussed to illustrate the nature of collaboration. In the further examination, three factors of collaboration capability, timing of collaboration and relationship structure are discussed that, if manipulated well, contribute to collaborative advantage. In the end of the paper, implications of this research are discussed briefly.