The Influence of Leadership on Self Determination, Work Engagement, and Job Crafting on Marginalized Workers in Health Care Environments

Abstract

This study examines how dirty workers, those in housekeeping, janitorial, and food services, are marginalized despite their contributions to patient care and hospital operations. Often stigmatized, they are viewed as disciplinary problems rather than valued team members. Using theories of Self-determination, Job Crafting, Work Engagement, and Leader-Member Exchange theory, this study reframes behavioral issues as symptoms of systemic neglect. It argues inclusive leadership and supportive environments can foster engagement, creativity, and dignity among these workers. Ultimately, the study suggests organization success depends on affirming all workers’ value, not on control or punitive approaches.