A Survey of US and International Financial Regulation Architecture

Abstract

Since the late 18th century and the signing of the National Bank Act, the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913, the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 and the Asian crises in 1997-98, financial institutions became heavily regulated of all business in the modern business world. Increase in regulation occurred after the 2000-2006 subprime crises with the creation of Dodd-Frank and Consumer Protection. The Euro Crises further raised questions about the financial architecture. The increase in innovation, the shadow banking system and recent political pressure towards deregulation, the long-term direction of the regulatory system is uncertain.